The Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline (NMGP), a significant gas project, is now experiencing delays due to the resumption of hostilities between Algeria and Morocco.
The two North African nations are involved in two rival gas pipeline megaprojects that connect them to Nigeria and are aimed at the European market, but in a situation where the EU wants to be gas-free by the end of the decade.
The longest and most recent is the NMGP, which would deliver billions of cubic meters of Nigerian gas to the Cherifian kingdom by traversing 13 African nations along the Atlantic coast.
From there, it must be connected to the Maghreb Europe Gas Pipeline (GME).
No start date for construction has been set, but “the pipeline is being planned. We are at the feasibility study stage,” Nigerian Oil Minister Timipre Sylva told AFP.
The idea for the project was launched in 2016 by King Mohammed VI during a visit to Abuja, aimed at strengthening partnerships with African countries.
Its revival is explained by the decision of Algeria, Africa’s leading exporter of natural gas, to terminate last year the GME contract supplying Spain with Algerian gas via Morocco after the rupture of diplomatic relations with Rabat.
These dissensions were motivated in particular by the thorny file of Western Sahara, a territory on which Rabat claims its sovereignty while Algiers supports the separatists of the Polisario Front, depriving Morocco of the Algerian gas that it took as a right of passage.
Beyond that, the NMGP is part of a geopolitical context marked by soaring hydrocarbon prices since the invasion of Ukraine by Russia.
The implementation of this giant gas pipeline at an estimated cost of €23 billion remains conditional on “obtaining the agreement of the countries through which it will pass”, recalled the Nigerian minister of oil.
At the end of 2022, Rabat and Abuja signed seven Memorandums of Understanding, or MoUs, with Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Mauritania, and Senegal, and another with the Economic Community of Eastern European States. West Africa (ECOWAS)
Agreements that “confirm the commitment of the parties in this strategic project” welcomed the Moroccan Office of Hydrocarbons and Mines (ONHYM).
Rabat is banking on Nigeria’s enormous reserves to create ‘a stable, predictable, and mutually profitable gas market’ in Africa, Moroccan geopolitics researcher Jamal Machrouh told AFP, also stressing its ‘strategic interest for Europe.’
But questions are emerging when Brussels says it wants to get rid of fossil fuels in the medium term.
“We have to count when it (the gas pipeline) is finished. Are we still going to want to use gas, methane?”, wondered recently in Rabat the head of European diplomacy, Josep Borrell, stressing that Morocco has a strong potential in clean energies such as hydrogen, wind, and solar.
The acceleration of cooperation between Rabat and Abuja coincides with the relaunch of the Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline (TSGP) to link Nigeria to Algeria via Niger, at a cost estimated at between 12 and 18 billion euros. Last July, Algiers, Abuja, and Niamey signed a memorandum of understanding to materialize this 4,128-kilometer-long gas pipeline without setting a start-up date.
Launched in 2009, the project also aims to transport Nigerian gas to the European continent. Once it has arrived in Algeria, it should be shipped there, in particular via the Transmed gas pipeline, which already links the Algerian deposits to Italy via Tunisia.
Rabat is hoping the Nigeria-Morocco Gas Pipeline, which would skirt the coastlines of 13 West African countries, could pump billions of cubic meters of natural gas to the kingdom.
From there, the gas would flow through the Maghreb-Europe gas pipeline (GME) into Spain and Portugal.
Timipre Sylva told AFP that a feasibility study was underway and some countries had already signed up for the project, but a start date has yet to be set.
The Trans-Saharan Gas Pipeline, which would connect Nigeria with Algeria’s Mediterranean coast via Niger, is being pushed to resume construction by Algeria, Morocco’s neighbor and bitter competitor.
The 4,128-kilometer (2,565-mile) pipeline is expected to be built at a cost of up to 18 billion euros ($19 billion) thanks to an agreement that Algiers, Abuja, and Niamey inked last July.
